lab 5

• connective tissue - body tissue  extracellular matrmade of cells, fibers ( such as collagen fibers) and extracellular matrix 
• cartilage - a type of flexible connective tissue found at the joints between bones and in the nose and ear 
• articulation - a meeting between bones in the body 
• fibrous joint - a joint united by irregular, fibrous connective tissue that allows for little to no movement 
• cartilaginous joint - a joint united by cartilage that allows some movement 
• synovial joint - a highly mobile joint held together by ligaments and irregular connective tissue that forms a fluid-filled articular capsule
• bones play two key roles in our bodies. 
• First, the bones of the skeleton have a structural function. They act like the wood frame of a house. The muscles attatch to the bones, like drywall is attached to wood studs. This gives the muscles the structural support they need and provides a system of levers the muscles can use to move the body. The framing of a house also provides  a protected area where the plumbing and the electric wiring can be erected. Many of the bones in our bodies act as a similar protective structures. The second major function of the skeleton is a physological function, meaning the skeleton is an essential part of the normal and healthy functioning of the body. Inside the bones, there is a soft tissue called bone marrow. There are two types of bone marrow red and yellow 
• The red marrow is tissue that is capable of producing blood cells for the rest of the body. 
• The yellow marrow is made up of mostly fat cells, and the amount of yellow marrow increases as adults age.
• Bones also store calcium and phosphorus 
• woven bone - a types of bone that is onorganized and primarily found in immature bone 
• lamellar bone - a type of organized, mature bone 
• cortical bone - the spongy ( honeycomblike) tissue that forms the inside of lamellar bone 
• osteoblast - a bone cell responsible for forming bone 
• osteocyte - a bone cell responsible for bone maintenance 
•  osteocyte - a bone cell responsible for bone  maintenance 
• osteclast -  a bone cell responsible for removing bone 
• bone remodeling - the process of bone resorption and re-formation  
• long bone - a bone with an elongated middle shaft and distinct, slightly larger ends 
• short bone - a bone with a cube-like shape, with similar width and length dimensions 
• flat bone - a bone with a layer of trabecular bone sandwiched between two thin layers of flat cotical bone 
• irregular bone - a bone witha complex shape that is not easily classified as long, short, or flat 
• projection - an area of bone that protrudes from the main bone surface 
• sagittal crest - a ridge of bone along the mid line of the cranium that allows for the attachment of extra-large chewing muscles 
• depression- a hollow or depressed area of a bone 
• fossa ( fossae, plural) a shallow depression in a bone 
• groove - a furrow along the surface of a bone
• foramen (foramina, plural) a hole in a bone 
• canal - a narrow tunnel or tubular channel in a bone 
• foramen magnum - a large hole at the base of the cranium that allows the brain to connect to the spinal cord
• axial skeleton - the bones that lie along the midline ( centeral axis) of the body 
• appendicular skeleton - the bones of the appendages ( arms and legs) 
• superior - relative location lower on the body's axis 
• inferior - relative location lower on the body's axis 
• medial - relative location closer to the midline of the body 
• lateral - relative location farther from the midline of the body 
• proxial- relative location closer to the trunk of the body 
• distal- relative location farther away from the trunk of the body 
• anterior- relative location toward the front of the body 
•  dorsal - relative location toward the back of the body 
• venteral - relative location toward the belly of the body 
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